Market Overview:
The global milliohm meters market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.5% during the forecast period from 2018 to 2030. The growth in this market can be attributed to the increasing demand for high-resolution milliohm meters in applications such as component evaluation, production line testing, and quality assurance testing. In addition, the growing demand for battery-powered milliohm meters is also contributing to the growth of this market. However, factors such as the high cost of these meters and lack of awareness about their benefits are restraining its growth. On the basis of type, precision milliohm meter held a major share of the global milliohm meters market in 2017 owing to its accuracy and reliability in measuring low resistance values. By application, high inductance DUTs accounted for a major share of this market due to their growing use in electrical engineering applications such as power supplies and inverters.
Product Definition:
A milliohm meter is an electronic device used to measure the electrical resistance of a material. The importance of milliohm meters lies in their ability to accurately measure low resistances, which is beneficial for tasks such as detecting electrical faults and measuring the performance of various electrical components.
Precision Milliohm Meter:
Precision milliohm meter (PMM) is a device used to measure the torque required to accelerate a given mass at constant speed. It can be used for measuring torque in electric motors, hydraulic motors, pneumatic motors and other rotating machines. Precision milliohm meters are widely applied in automotive industry for measuring transmission and engine power as well as brake force distribution on account of its ability to provide accurate results under varying operating conditions.
High Resolution Precision Milliohm Meter:
High resolution precision milliohm meter is used to measure the current and voltage in high end applications like medical, aerospace & defense, automotive and power generation industries. It measures current and voltage with higher accuracy than conventional ammeter. The instrument has two ranges of measurement: low range (0-10 A) for general purpose measurements; high range (10-100 A) for application in aerospace & defense, automotive industry etc.
Application Insights:
Component evaluation was the largest application segment in 2017 and is expected to continue its dominance over the forecast period. Component evaluation involves testing various components of electronic devices for their inductance, resistance, capacitance and other properties. The component may be a semiconductor chip or a complete circuit board. The process requires precision measurement of each property as it can influence product quality and performance.
High inductance DUT is another major application segment that accounted for more than 20% share in 2017 owing to increasing demand from educational institutions, research laboratories & institutes for testing high-power circuits & equipment with milliohm meters as they offer accuracy levels required by these institutions. Testing elements are used at production lines where several products need to be checked simultaneously such as welding machines, ovens or kilns used in metalworking industries etcetera.
Regional Analysis:
Asia Pacific dominated the global market in 2017 and is expected to continue its dominance over the forecast period. The presence of key electronic component manufacturers such as Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.; Infineon Technologies; Nidec Corporation; Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd.; and Panasonic Corporation has resulted in high product demand from various application segments across Asia Pacific region. Moreover, increasing R&D activities for Milliohm Meters across emerging economies such as China, India, Singapore, Malaysia and Japan are further expected to drive regional growth during the forecast period.
The European market is also anticipated to witness significant growth over the next eight years owing to rising product adoption by several major industry players operating within this region including measurement technology providers (MTPs), OEMs & ODM's semiconductor manufacturing equipment manufacturers (SMEs), production testing service providers (PTSPs) etc.
Growth Factors:
- Increasing demand from the automotive and electronics industries for milliohm meters to test electrical circuits and components
- Growing popularity of milliohm meters in research and development laboratories for testing new products
- Rising demand from Asia Pacific region due to increasing industrialization and growth of manufacturing sector
- Technological advancements that have led to the development of more sophisticated milliohm meters with enhanced features
- Growing awareness about the benefits of using milliohm meters among end users
Scope Of The Report
Report Attributes
Report Details
Report Title
Milliohm Meters Market Research Report
By Type
Precision Milliohm Meter, High Resolution Precision Milliohm Meter, Battery Powered Milliohm Meter, Digital Milliohm Meter
By Application
High Inductance DUT, Component Evaluation, Production Line, Low Resistance Devices, Production Testing, Testing Elements, Conductivity Evaluation, Quality Assurance Testing
By Companies
Extech Instruments(US), Amprobe Test Tools(US), Chroma ATE Inc.(TW), Keysight(US), Martindale Electric(US), Chroma Systems Solutions,Inc.(US), Grainger Industrial Supply(US), Test and Measurement Instruments C.C(South Africa), BK Precision Corporation(Canada), Hioki(Japan), GW Instek(TW), BCD Electronics, Tinsley Precision Instruments(UK), ValueTronics International,Inc.(US), Allied Electronics,Inc.(US), Duncan Instruments Canada,Ltd.(Canada), Hensley Technologies,Inc.(US), InspectorTools(US), Reed-Direct(US), Tradeport Electronics Group(Canada), ABRA Electronics,Inc.(US), Advanced Test Equipment Rentals(US), DME Company(US), Setra Systems(US), Amprobe(US)
Regions Covered
North America, Europe, APAC, Latin America, MEA
Base Year
2021
Historical Year
2019 to 2020 (Data from 2010 can be provided as per availability)
Forecast Year
2030
Number of Pages
245
Number of Tables & Figures
172
Customization Available
Yes, the report can be customized as per your need.
Global Milliohm Meters Market Report Segments:
The global Milliohm Meters market is segmented on the basis of:
Types
Precision Milliohm Meter, High Resolution Precision Milliohm Meter, Battery Powered Milliohm Meter, Digital Milliohm Meter
The product segment provides information about the market share of each product and the respective CAGR during the forecast period. It lays out information about the product pricing parameters, trends, and profits that provides in-depth insights of the market. Furthermore, it discusses latest product developments & innovation in the market.
Applications
High Inductance DUT, Component Evaluation, Production Line, Low Resistance Devices, Production Testing, Testing Elements, Conductivity Evaluation, Quality Assurance Testing
The application segment fragments various applications of the product and provides information on the market share and growth rate of each application segment. It discusses the potential future applications of the products and driving and restraining factors of each application segment.
Some of the companies that are profiled in this report are:
- Extech Instruments(US)
- Amprobe Test Tools(US)
- Chroma ATE Inc.(TW)
- Keysight(US)
- Martindale Electric(US)
- Chroma Systems Solutions,Inc.(US)
- Grainger Industrial Supply(US)
- Test and Measurement Instruments C.C(South Africa)
- BK Precision Corporation(Canada)
- Hioki(Japan)
- GW Instek(TW)
- BCD Electronics
- Tinsley Precision Instruments(UK)
- ValueTronics International,Inc.(US)
- Allied Electronics,Inc.(US)
- Duncan Instruments Canada,Ltd.(Canada)
- Hensley Technologies,Inc.(US)
- InspectorTools(US)
- Reed-Direct(US)
- Tradeport Electronics Group(Canada)
- ABRA Electronics,Inc.(US)
- Advanced Test Equipment Rentals(US)
- DME Company(US)
- Setra Systems(US)
- Amprobe(US)
Highlights of The Milliohm Meters Market Report:
- The market structure and projections for the coming years.
- Drivers, restraints, opportunities, and current trends of market.
- Historical data and forecast.
- Estimations for the forecast period 2030.
- Developments and trends in the market.
- By Type:
- Precision Milliohm Meter
- High Resolution Precision Milliohm Meter
- Battery Powered Milliohm Meter
- Digital Milliohm Meter
- By Application:
- High Inductance DUT
- Component Evaluation
- Production Line
- Low Resistance Devices
- Production Testing
- Testing Elements
- Conductivity Evaluation
- Quality Assurance Testing
- Market scenario by region, sub-region, and country.
- Market share of the market players, company profiles, product specifications, SWOT analysis, and competitive landscape.
- Analysis regarding upstream raw materials, downstream demand, and current market dynamics.
- Government Policies, Macro & Micro economic factors are also included in the report.
We have studied the Milliohm Meters Market in 360 degrees via. both primary & secondary research methodologies. This helped us in building an understanding of the current market dynamics, supply-demand gap, pricing trends, product preferences, consumer patterns & so on. The findings were further validated through primary research with industry experts & opinion leaders across countries. The data is further compiled & validated through various market estimation & data validation methodologies. Further, we also have our in-house data forecasting model to predict market growth up to 2030.
Regional Analysis
- North America
- Europe
- Asia Pacific
- Middle East & Africa
- Latin America
Note: A country of choice can be added in the report at no extra cost. If more than one country needs to be added, the research quote will vary accordingly.
The geographical analysis part of the report provides information about the product sales in terms of volume and revenue in regions. It lays out potential opportunities for the new entrants, emerging players, and major players in the region. The regional analysis is done after considering the socio-economic factors and government regulations of the countries in the regions.
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8 Reasons to Buy This Report
- Includes a Chapter on the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic On the Market
- Report Prepared After Conducting Interviews with Industry Experts & Top Designates of the Companies in the Market
- Implemented Robust Methodology to Prepare the Report
- Includes Graphs, Statistics, Flowcharts, and Infographics to Save Time
- Industry Growth Insights Provides 24/5 Assistance Regarding the Doubts in the Report
- Provides Information About the Top-winning Strategies Implemented by Industry Players.
- In-depth Insights On the Market Drivers, Restraints, Opportunities, and Threats
- Customization of the Report Available
Frequently Asked Questions?
A milliohm meter is a unit of measurement used to measure the magnitude of electrical and magnetic fields.
Some of the major companies in the milliohm meters market are Extech Instruments(US), Amprobe Test Tools(US), Chroma ATE Inc.(TW), Keysight(US), Martindale Electric(US), Chroma Systems Solutions,Inc.(US), Grainger Industrial Supply(US), Test and Measurement Instruments C.C(South Africa), BK Precision Corporation(Canada), Hioki(Japan), GW Instek(TW), BCD Electronics, Tinsley Precision Instruments(UK), ValueTronics International,Inc.(US), Allied Electronics,Inc.(US), Duncan Instruments Canada,Ltd.(Canada), Hensley Technologies,Inc.(US), InspectorTools(US), Reed-Direct(US), Tradeport Electronics Group(Canada), ABRA Electronics,Inc.(US), Advanced Test Equipment Rentals(US), DME Company(US), Setra Systems(US), Amprobe(US).
The milliohm meters market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 5.5%.
1. Executive Summary
2. Assumptions and Acronyms Used
3. Research Methodology
4. Milliohm Meters Market Overview
4.1. Introduction
4.1.1. Market Taxonomy
4.1.2. Market Definition
4.2. Macro-Economic Factors
4.2.1. Industry Outlook
4.3. Milliohm Meters Market Dynamics
4.3.1. Market Drivers
4.3.2. Market Restraints
4.3.3. Opportunity
4.3.4. Market Trends
4.4. Milliohm Meters Market - Supply Chain
4.5. Global Milliohm Meters Market Forecast
4.5.1. Milliohm Meters Market Size (US$ Mn) and Y-o-Y Growth
4.5.2. Milliohm Meters Market Size (000 Units) and Y-o-Y Growth
4.5.3. Milliohm Meters Market Absolute $ Opportunity
5. Global Milliohm Meters Market Analysis and Forecast by Type
5.1. Market Trends
5.2. Introduction
5.2.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Type
5.2.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Type
5.3. Milliohm Meters Market Size and Volume Forecast by Type
5.3.1. Precision Milliohm Meter
5.3.2. High Resolution Precision Milliohm Meter
5.3.3. Battery Powered Milliohm Meter
5.3.4. Digital Milliohm Meter
5.4. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Type
5.5. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis by Type
6. Global Milliohm Meters Market Analysis and Forecast by Application
6.1. Market Trends
6.2. Introduction
6.2.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Application
6.2.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Application
6.3. Milliohm Meters Market Size and Volume Forecast by Application
6.3.1. High Inductance DUT
6.3.2. Component Evaluation
6.3.3. Production Line
6.3.4. Low Resistance Devices
6.3.5. Production Testing
6.3.6. Testing Elements
6.3.7. Conductivity Evaluation
6.3.8. Quality Assurance Testing
6.4. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Application
6.5. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis by Application
7. Global Milliohm Meters Market Analysis and Forecast by Sales Channel
7.1. Market Trends
7.2. Introduction
7.2.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Sales Channel
7.2.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Sales Channel
7.3. Milliohm Meters Market Size and Volume Forecast by Sales Channel
7.3.1. Manufacturer/Distributor/Service Provider
7.3.2. Aftermarket
7.4. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Sales Channel
7.5. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis by Sales Channel
8. Global Milliohm Meters Market Analysis and Forecast by Region
8.1. Market Trends
8.2. Introduction
8.2.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Region
8.2.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Region
8.3. Milliohm Meters Market Size and Volume Forecast by Region
8.3.1. North America
8.3.2. Latin America
8.3.3. Europe
8.3.4. Asia Pacific
8.3.5. Middle East and Africa (MEA)
8.4. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Region
8.5. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis by Region
8.6. Global Milliohm Meters Demand Share Forecast, 2019-2026
9. North America Milliohm Meters Market Analysis and Forecast
9.1. Introduction
9.1.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
9.1.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Country
9.2. North America Milliohm Meters Market Size and Volume Forecast by Country
9.2.1. U.S.
9.2.2. Canada
9.3. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
9.4. North America Milliohm Meters Market Size and Volume Forecast by Application
9.4.1. High Inductance DUT
9.4.2. Component Evaluation
9.4.3. Production Line
9.4.4. Low Resistance Devices
9.4.5. Production Testing
9.4.6. Testing Elements
9.4.7. Conductivity Evaluation
9.4.8. Quality Assurance Testing
9.5. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Application
9.6. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Application
9.7. North America Milliohm Meters Market Size and Volume Forecast by Type
9.7.1. Precision Milliohm Meter
9.7.2. High Resolution Precision Milliohm Meter
9.7.3. Battery Powered Milliohm Meter
9.7.4. Digital Milliohm Meter
9.8. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Type
9.9. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Type
9.10. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis
9.10.1. By Country
9.10.2. By Product Type
9.10.3. By Application
9.10.4. By Sales Channel
9.11. North America Milliohm Meters Demand Share Forecast, 2019-2026
10. Latin America Milliohm Meters Market Analysis and Forecast
10.1. Introduction
10.1.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
10.1.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Country
10.1.3. Latin America Average Pricing Analysis
10.2. Latin America Milliohm Meters Market Size and Volume Forecast by Country
10.2.1. Brazil
10.2.2. Mexico
10.2.3. Rest of Latin America
10.3. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
10.4. Latin America Milliohm Meters Market Size and Volume Forecast by Application
10.4.1. High Inductance DUT
10.4.2. Component Evaluation
10.4.3. Production Line
10.4.4. Low Resistance Devices
10.4.5. Production Testing
10.4.6. Testing Elements
10.4.7. Conductivity Evaluation
10.4.8. Quality Assurance Testing
10.5. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Application
10.6. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Application
10.7. Latin America Milliohm Meters Market Size and Volume Forecast by Type
10.7.1. Precision Milliohm Meter
10.7.2. High Resolution Precision Milliohm Meter
10.7.3. Battery Powered Milliohm Meter
10.7.4. Digital Milliohm Meter
10.8. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Type
10.9. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Type
10.10. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis
10.10.1. By Country
10.10.2. By Product Type
10.10.3. By Application
10.10.4. By Sales Channel
10.11. Latin America Milliohm Meters Demand Share Forecast, 2019-2026
11. Europe Milliohm Meters Market Analysis and Forecast
11.1. Introduction
11.1.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
11.1.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Country
11.1.3. Europe Average Pricing Analysis
11.2. Europe Milliohm Meters Market Size and Volume Forecast by Country
11.2.1. Germany
11.2.2. France
11.2.3. Italy
11.2.4. U.K.
11.2.5. Spain
11.2.6. Russia
11.2.7. Rest of Europe
11.3. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
11.4. Europe Milliohm Meters Market Size and Volume Forecast by Application
11.4.1. High Inductance DUT
11.4.2. Component Evaluation
11.4.3. Production Line
11.4.4. Low Resistance Devices
11.4.5. Production Testing
11.4.6. Testing Elements
11.4.7. Conductivity Evaluation
11.4.8. Quality Assurance Testing
11.5. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Application
11.6. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Application
11.7. Europe Milliohm Meters Market Size and Volume Forecast by Type
11.7.1. Precision Milliohm Meter
11.7.2. High Resolution Precision Milliohm Meter
11.7.3. Battery Powered Milliohm Meter
11.7.4. Digtal Milliohm Meter
11.8. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Type
11.9. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Type
11.10. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis
11.10.1. By Country
11.10.2. By Product Type
11.10.3. By Application
11.10.4. By Sales Channel
11.11. Europe Milliohm Meters Demand Share, 2019-2026
12. Asia Pacific Milliohm Meters Market Analysis and Forecast
12.1. Introduction
12.1.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
12.1.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Country
12.1.3. Asia Pacific Average Pricing Analysis
12.2. Asia Pacific Milliohm Meters Market Size and Volume Forecast by Country
12.2.1. China
12.2.2. Japan
12.2.3. South Korea
12.2.4. India
12.2.5. Australia
12.2.6. Rest of Asia Pacific (APAC)
12.3. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
12.4. Asia Pacific Milliohm Meters Market Size and Volume Forecast by Application
12.4.1. High Inductance DUT
12.4.2. Component Evaluation
12.4.3. Production Line
12.4.4. Low Resistance Devices
12.4.5. Production Testing
12.4.6. Testing Elements
12.4.7. Conductivity Evaluation
12.4.8. Quality Assurance Testing
12.5. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Application
12.6. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Application
12.7. Asia Pacific Milliohm Meters Market Size and Volume Forecast by Type
12.7.1. Precision Milliohm Meter
12.7.2. High Resolution Precision Milliohm Meter
12.7.3. Battery Powered Milliohm Meter
12.7.4. Digital Milliohm Meter
12.8. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Type
12.9. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Type
12.10. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis
12.10.1. By Country
12.10.2. By Product Type
12.10.3. By Application
12.10.4. By Sales Channel
12.11. Asia Pacific Milliohm Meters Demand Share, 2019-2026
13. Middle East & Africa Milliohm Meters Market Analysis and Forecast
13.1. Introduction
13.1.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
13.1.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Country
13.1.3. Asia Pacific Average Pricing Analysis
13.2. Middle East & Africa Milliohm Meters Market Size and Volume Forecast by Country
13.2.1. Saudi Arabia
13.2.2. South Africa
13.2.3. UAE
13.2.4. Rest of Middle East & Africa (MEA)
13.3. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
13.4. Middle East & Africa Milliohm Meters Market Size and Volume Forecast by Application
13.4.1. High Inductance DUT
13.4.2. Component Evaluation
13.4.3. Production Line
13.4.4. Low Resistance Devices
13.4.5. Production Testing
13.4.6. Testing Elements
13.4.7. Conductivity Evaluation
13.4.8. Quality Assurance Testing
13.5. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Application
13.6. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Application
13.7. Middle East & Africa Milliohm Meters Market Size and Volume Forecast by Type
13.7.1. Precision Milliohm Meter
13.7.2. High Resolution Precision Milliohm Meter
13.7.3. Battery Powered Milliohm Meter
13.7.4. Digital Milliohm Meter
13.8. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Type
13.9. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Type
13.10. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis
13.10.1. By Country
13.10.2. By Product Type
13.10.3. By Application
13.10.4. By Sales Channel
13.11. Middle East & Africa Milliohm Meters Demand Share, 2019-2026
14. Competition Landscape
14.1. Global Milliohm Meters Market: Market Share Analysis
14.2. Milliohm Meters Distributors and Customers
14.3. Milliohm Meters Market: Competitive Dashboard
14.4. Company Profiles (Details Overview, Financials, Developments, Strategy)
14.4.1. Extech Instruments(US)
14.4.1.1. Overview
14.4.1.2. Financials
14.4.1.3. Developments
14.4.1.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.2. Amprobe Test Tools(US)
14.4.2.1. Overview
14.4.2.2. Financials
14.4.2.3. Developments
14.4.2.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.3. Chroma ATE Inc.(TW)
14.4.3.1. Overview
14.4.3.2. Financials
14.4.3.3. Developments
14.4.3.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.4. Keysight(US)
14.4.4.1. Overview
14.4.4.2. Financials
14.4.4.3. Developments
14.4.4.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.5. Martindale Electric(US)
14.4.5.1. Overview
14.4.5.2. Financials
14.4.5.3. Developments
14.4.5.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.6. Chroma Systems Solutions,Inc.(US)
14.4.6.1. Overview
14.4.6.2. Financials
14.4.6.3. Developments
14.4.6.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.7. Grainger Industrial Supply(US)
14.4.7.1. Overview
14.4.7.2. Financials
14.4.7.3. Developments
14.4.7.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.8. Test and Measurement Instruments C.C(South Africa)
14.4.8.1. Overview
14.4.8.2. Financials
14.4.8.3. Developments
14.4.8.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.9. BK Precision Corporation(Canada)
14.4.9.1. Overview
14.4.9.2. Financials
14.4.9.3. Developments
14.4.9.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.10. Hioki(Japan)
14.4.10.1. Overview
14.4.10.2. Financials
14.4.10.3. Developments
14.4.10.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.11. GW Instek(TW)
14.4.11.1. Overview
14.4.11.2. Financials
14.4.11.3. Developments
14.4.11.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.12. BCD Electronics
14.4.12.1. Overview
14.4.12.2. Financials
14.4.12.3. Developments
14.4.12.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.13. Tinsley Precision Instruments(UK)
14.4.13.1. Overview
14.4.13.2. Financials
14.4.13.3. Developments
14.4.13.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.14. ValueTronics International,Inc.(US)
14.4.14.1. Overview
14.4.14.2. Financials
14.4.14.3. Developments
14.4.14.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.15. Allied Electronics,Inc.(US)
14.4.15.1. Overview
14.4.15.2. Financials
14.4.15.3. Developments
14.4.15.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.16. Duncan Instruments Canada,Ltd.(Canada)
14.4.16.1. Overview
14.4.16.2. Financials
14.4.16.3. Developments
14.4.16.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.17. Hensley Technologies,Inc.(US)
14.4.17.1. Overview
14.4.17.2. Financials
14.4.17.3. Developments
14.4.17.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.18. InspectorTools(US)
14.4.18.1. Overview
14.4.18.2. Financials
14.4.18.3. Developments
14.4.18.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.19. Reed-Direct(US)
14.4.19.1. Overview
14.4.19.2. Financials
14.4.19.3. Developments