Latest Update: Impact of current COVID-19 situation has been considered in this report while making the analysis.
Global Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market by Type (Inkjet Printers, Laser Printers, Thermal Transfer Overprinting Printers, Others), By Application (Food and Beverage, Pharmaceutical and Healthcare, Construction and Chemicals, Electronics, Others) And By Region (North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific and Middle East & Africa), Forecast From 2022 To 2030-report

Global Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market by Type (Inkjet Printers, Laser Printers, Thermal Transfer Overprinting Printers, Others), By Application (Food and Beverage, Pharmaceutical and Healthcare, Construction and Chemicals, Electronics, Others) And By Region (North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific and Middle East & Africa), Forecast From 2022 To 2030

Report ID: 167765 3300 Machinery & Equipment 377 230 Pages 4.8 (31)
                                          

Market Overview:


The global coding and marking systems and solutions market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.5% during the forecast period from 2018 to 2030. The growth in this market can be attributed to the increasing demand for coding and marking systems and solutions in various industries, such as food & beverage, pharmaceuticals & healthcare, construction & chemicals, electronics, etc. In addition, the growing demand for automated coding and marking systems is also contributing to the growth of this market.


Global Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Industry Outlook


Product Definition:


Coding and marking systems are important because they allow businesses to identify, track, and manage their products throughout the supply chain. They can also help protect businesses from counterfeiting and product diversion.


Inkjet Printers:


Inkjet printers are used to print barcodes and other types of 2D or 3D codes on packaging, products, boxes, containers or any material. They are also used in various applications such as inventory control systems for retail stores and warehouses among others. The inkjet printer works by directing a stream of ink through a print head which is attached to the surface on which the printing is desired to be done.


Laser Printers:


Laser printers are characterized by the use of a laser for printing on paper and other materials. The most common type of laser printer is the monochrome or black and white printer. However, color printers are also available as they are capable of printing in more than one color at a time. Laser printers can print text and images with remarkable clarity even on low-quality papers such as recycled paper, cardboards, etc., making it an ideal option for coding & marking systems solutions market.


Application Insights:


The food and beverage application segment accounted for the largest revenue share in 2016. The global demand for printed codes on packaging is increasing owing to its benefits such as easy identification, improved shelf life of products, and ease of use. Moreover, rising demand for packaged food due to growing population coupled with changing lifestyles has increased the scope of this application over the recent past.


The pharmaceutical industry also uses barcodes as it offers various advantages such as ease in data entry during manufacturing process along with a detailed analysis of inventory which includes item-level details regarding serial number, lot information etc. Furthermore, these codes help maintain quality control throughout distribution channels which improves customer satisfaction leading to an increase in product sales eventually resulting in increased revenue generation opportunities for all concerned parties involved including manufacturers/importers/distributors etc. Thus driving growth across all regions globally coding and marking systems market by 2030 CE (see figure below).


Regional Analysis:


Asia Pacific dominated the global market in 2017 and is expected to continue its dominance over the forecast period. The region has been witnessing strong economic growth on account of rapid industrialization, which has led to an increase in demand for coding and marking systems and solutions. Furthermore, rising population coupled with increasing disposable income will drive the regional market further.


The Asia Pacific is a hub for several emerging economies such as China, India, Indonesia that are experiencing strong economic growth over the past few years due to various factors such as low labor cost & high output per employee; developing manufacturing sector; growing IT industry etc. These factors have contributed towards higher sales of products within industries such as food and beverage processing equipment; pharmaceuticals & healthcare equipment; consumer goods packaging machinery etc., thereby driving overall revenue generation within this region.


Growth Factors:


  • Increasing demand for coding and marking systems from the packaging and labeling industry to meet regulatory compliance.
  • Growing popularity of digital printing technology that offers high-quality prints, shorter turnaround times, and lower costs as compared to traditional printing methods.
  • Proliferation of automated manufacturing processes in various industries that require coding and marking systems for product tracking and identification purposes.
  • Rising demand for traceability solutions in the food & beverage sector to ensure product safety and quality control measures are being followed stringently throughout the supply chain process.

Scope Of The Report

Report Attributes

Report Details

Report Title

Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Research Report

By Type

Inkjet Printers, Laser Printers, Thermal Transfer Overprinting Printers, Others

By Application

Food and Beverage, Pharmaceutical and Healthcare, Construction and Chemicals, Electronics, Others

By Companies

Brother (Domino), Danaher (Videojet), Dover (Markem-Imaje), Han's Laser, ITW (Diagraph), Trumpf, Hitachi Industrial Equipment, ID Technology LLC, KGK, Matthews Marking Systems, KBA-Metronic, Macsa, Squid Ink, SATO, Paul Leibinger, REA JET, Control print, Kinglee, EC-JET, Beijing Zhihengda, SUNINE

Regions Covered

North America, Europe, APAC, Latin America, MEA

Base Year

2021

Historical Year

2019 to 2020 (Data from 2010 can be provided as per availability)

Forecast Year

2030

Number of Pages

230

Number of Tables & Figures

161

Customization Available

Yes, the report can be customized as per your need.


Global Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Report Segments:

The global Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions market is segmented on the basis of:

Types

Inkjet Printers, Laser Printers, Thermal Transfer Overprinting Printers, Others

The product segment provides information about the market share of each product and the respective CAGR during the forecast period. It lays out information about the product pricing parameters, trends, and profits that provides in-depth insights of the market. Furthermore, it discusses latest product developments & innovation in the market.

Applications

Food and Beverage, Pharmaceutical and Healthcare, Construction and Chemicals, Electronics, Others

The application segment fragments various applications of the product and provides information on the market share and growth rate of each application segment. It discusses the potential future applications of the products and driving and restraining factors of each application segment.

Some of the companies that are profiled in this report are:

  1. Brother (Domino)
  2. Danaher (Videojet)
  3. Dover (Markem-Imaje)
  4. Han's Laser
  5. ITW (Diagraph)
  6. Trumpf
  7. Hitachi Industrial Equipment
  8. ID Technology LLC
  9. KGK
  10. Matthews Marking Systems
  11. KBA-Metronic
  12. Macsa
  13. Squid Ink
  14. SATO
  15. Paul Leibinger
  16. REA JET
  17. Control print
  18. Kinglee
  19. EC-JET
  20. Beijing Zhihengda
  21. SUNINE

Global Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Overview


Highlights of The Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Report:

  1. The market structure and projections for the coming years.
  2. Drivers, restraints, opportunities, and current trends of market.
  3. Historical data and forecast.
  4. Estimations for the forecast period 2030.
  5. Developments and trends in the market.
  6. By Type:

    1. Inkjet Printers
    2. Laser Printers
    3. Thermal Transfer Overprinting Printers
    4. Others
  1. By Application:

    1. Food and Beverage
    2. Pharmaceutical and Healthcare
    3. Construction and Chemicals
    4. Electronics
    5. Others
  1. Market scenario by region, sub-region, and country.
  2. Market share of the market players, company profiles, product specifications, SWOT analysis, and competitive landscape.
  3. Analysis regarding upstream raw materials, downstream demand, and current market dynamics.
  4. Government Policies, Macro & Micro economic factors are also included in the report.

We have studied the Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market in 360 degrees via. both primary & secondary research methodologies. This helped us in building an understanding of the current market dynamics, supply-demand gap, pricing trends, product preferences, consumer patterns & so on. The findings were further validated through primary research with industry experts & opinion leaders across countries. The data is further compiled & validated through various market estimation & data validation methodologies. Further, we also have our in-house data forecasting model to predict market growth up to 2030.

Regional Analysis

  • North America
  • Europe
  • Asia Pacific
  • Middle East & Africa
  • Latin America

Note: A country of choice can be added in the report at no extra cost. If more than one country needs to be added, the research quote will vary accordingly.

The geographical analysis part of the report provides information about the product sales in terms of volume and revenue in regions. It lays out potential opportunities for the new entrants, emerging players, and major players in the region. The regional analysis is done after considering the socio-economic factors and government regulations of the countries in the regions.

How you may use our products:

  • Correctly Positioning New Products
  • Market Entry Strategies
  • Business Expansion Strategies
  • Consumer Insights
  • Understanding Competition Scenario
  • Product & Brand Management
  • Channel & Customer Management
  • Identifying Appropriate Advertising Appeals

Global Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Statistics

8 Reasons to Buy This Report

  1. Includes a Chapter on the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic On the Market
  2. Report Prepared After Conducting Interviews with Industry Experts & Top Designates of the Companies in the Market
  3. Implemented Robust Methodology to Prepare the Report
  4. Includes Graphs, Statistics, Flowcharts, and Infographics to Save Time
  5. Industry Growth Insights Provides 24/5 Assistance Regarding the Doubts in the Report
  6. Provides Information About the Top-winning Strategies Implemented by Industry Players.
  7. In-depth Insights On the Market Drivers, Restraints, Opportunities, and Threats
  8. Customization of the Report Available

Frequently Asked Questions?


Coding and marking systems are a way to help students remember the steps in a process or the order of operations. Solutions are specific examples of how coding and marking systems can be used in classrooms.

Some of the major players in the coding and marking systems and solutions market are Brother (Domino), Danaher (Videojet), Dover (Markem-Imaje), Han's Laser, ITW (Diagraph), Trumpf, Hitachi Industrial Equipment, ID Technology LLC, KGK, Matthews Marking Systems, KBA-Metronic, Macsa, Squid Ink, SATO, Paul Leibinger, REA JET, Control print, Kinglee, EC-JET, Beijing Zhihengda, SUNINE.

The coding and marking systems and solutions market is expected to register a CAGR of 5.5%.

                                            
1. Executive Summary

2. Assumptions and Acronyms Used

3. Research Methodology

4. Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Overview
   4.1. Introduction
      4.1.1. Market Taxonomy
      4.1.2. Market Definition
   4.2. Macro-Economic Factors
      4.2.1. Industry Outlook
   4.3. Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Dynamics
      4.3.1. Market Drivers
      4.3.2. Market Restraints
      4.3.3. Opportunity
      4.3.4. Market Trends
   4.4. Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market - Supply Chain
   4.5. Global Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Forecast
      4.5.1. Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Size (US$ Mn) and Y-o-Y Growth
      4.5.2. Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Size (000’ Units) and Y-o-Y Growth
      4.5.3. Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Absolute $ Opportunity

5. Global Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Analysis and Forecast by Type
   5.1. Market Trends
   5.2. Introduction
      5.2.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Type
      5.2.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Type
   5.3. Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Size and Volume Forecast by Type
      5.3.1. Inkjet Printers
      5.3.2. Laser Printers
      5.3.3. Thermal Transfer Overprinting Printers
      5.3.4. Others
   5.4. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Type
   5.5. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis by Type

6. Global Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Analysis and Forecast by Application
   6.1. Market Trends
   6.2. Introduction
      6.2.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Application
      6.2.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Application
   6.3. Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Size and Volume Forecast by Application
      6.3.1. Food and Beverage
      6.3.2. Pharmaceutical and Healthcare
      6.3.3. Construction and Chemicals
      6.3.4. Electronics
      6.3.5. Others
   6.4. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Application
   6.5. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis by Application

7. Global Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Analysis and Forecast by Sales Channel
   7.1. Market Trends
   7.2. Introduction
      7.2.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Sales Channel 
      7.2.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Sales Channel
   7.3. Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Size and Volume Forecast by Sales Channel 
      7.3.1. Manufacturer/Distributor/Service Provider
      7.3.2. Aftermarket
   7.4. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Sales Channel
   7.5. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis by Sales Channel

8. Global Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Analysis and Forecast by Region
   8.1. Market Trends
   8.2. Introduction
      8.2.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Region
      8.2.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Region
   8.3. Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Size and Volume Forecast by Region
      8.3.1. North America
      8.3.2. Latin America
      8.3.3. Europe
      8.3.4. Asia Pacific
      8.3.5. Middle East and Africa (MEA)
   8.4. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Region
   8.5. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis by Region
   8.6. Global Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Demand Share Forecast, 2019-2026

9. North America Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Analysis and Forecast
   9.1. Introduction
      9.1.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
      9.1.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Country
   9.2. North America Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Size and Volume Forecast by Country
      9.2.1. U.S.
      9.2.2. Canada
   9.3. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
   9.4. North America Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Size and Volume Forecast by Application
      9.4.1. Food and Beverage
      9.4.2. Pharmaceutical and Healthcare
      9.4.3. Construction and Chemicals
      9.4.4. Electronics
      9.4.5. Others
   9.5. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Application
   9.6. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Application
   9.7. North America Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Size and Volume Forecast by Type
      9.7.1. Inkjet Printers
      9.7.2. Laser Printers
      9.7.3. Thermal Transfer Overprinting Printers
      9.7.4. Others
   9.8. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Type
   9.9. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Type
   9.10. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis
      9.10.1. By Country
      9.10.2. By Product Type
      9.10.3. By Application
      9.10.4. By Sales Channel
   9.11. North America Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Demand Share Forecast, 2019-2026

10. Latin America Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Analysis and Forecast
   10.1. Introduction
      10.1.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
      10.1.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Country
      10.1.3. Latin America Average Pricing Analysis
   10.2. Latin America Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Size and Volume Forecast by Country
      10.2.1. Brazil
      10.2.2. Mexico
      10.2.3. Rest of Latin America
   10.3. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
   10.4. Latin America Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Size and Volume Forecast by Application
      10.4.1. Food and Beverage
      10.4.2. Pharmaceutical and Healthcare
      10.4.3. Construction and Chemicals
      10.4.4. Electronics
      10.4.5. Others
   10.5. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Application
   10.6. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Application
   10.7. Latin America Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Size and Volume Forecast by Type
      10.7.1. Inkjet Printers
      10.7.2. Laser Printers
      10.7.3. Thermal Transfer Overprinting Printers
      10.7.4. Others
   10.8. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Type
   10.9. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Type
   10.10. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis
      10.10.1. By Country
      10.10.2. By Product Type
      10.10.3. By Application
      10.10.4. By Sales Channel
   10.11. Latin America Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Demand Share Forecast, 2019-2026

11. Europe Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Analysis and Forecast
   11.1. Introduction
      11.1.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
      11.1.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Country
      11.1.3. Europe Average Pricing Analysis
   11.2. Europe Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Size and Volume Forecast by Country
      11.2.1. Germany
      11.2.2. France
      11.2.3. Italy
      11.2.4. U.K.
      11.2.5. Spain
      11.2.6. Russia
      11.2.7. Rest of Europe
   11.3. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
   11.4. Europe Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Size and Volume Forecast by Application
      11.4.1. Food and Beverage
      11.4.2. Pharmaceutical and Healthcare
      11.4.3. Construction and Chemicals
      11.4.4. Electronics
      11.4.5. Others
   11.5. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Application
   11.6. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Application
   11.7. Europe Coding and Markin Systems and Solutions Market Size and Volume Forecast by Type
      11.7.1. Inkjet Printers
      11.7.2. Laser Printers
      11.7.3. Thermal Transfer Overprinting Printers
      11.7.4. Others
   11.8. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Type
   11.9. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Type
   11.10. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis
      11.10.1. By Country
      11.10.2. By Product Type
      11.10.3. By Application
      11.10.4. By Sales Channel
   11.11. Europe Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Demand Share, 2019-2026

12. Asia Pacific Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Analysis and Forecast
   12.1. Introduction
      12.1.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
      12.1.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Country
      12.1.3. Asia Pacific Average Pricing Analysis
   12.2. Asia Pacific Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Size and Volume Forecast by Country
      12.2.1. China
      12.2.2. Japan
      12.2.3. South Korea
      12.2.4. India
      12.2.5. Australia
      12.2.6. Rest of Asia Pacific (APAC)
   12.3. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
   12.4. Asia Pacific Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Size and Volume Forecast by Application
      12.4.1. Food and Beverage
      12.4.2. Pharmaceutical and Healthcare
      12.4.3. Construction and Chemicals
      12.4.4. Electronics
      12.4.5. Others
   12.5. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Application
   12.6. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Application
   12.7. Asia Pacific Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Size and Volume Forecast by Type
      12.7.1. Inkjet Printers
      12.7.2. Laser Printers
      12.7.3. Thermal Transfer Overprinting Printers
      12.7.4. Others
   12.8. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Type
   12.9. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Type
   12.10. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis
      12.10.1. By Country
      12.10.2. By Product Type
      12.10.3. By Application
      12.10.4. By Sales Channel
   12.11. Asia Pacific Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Demand Share, 2019-2026

13. Middle East & Africa Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Analysis and Forecast
   13.1. Introduction
      13.1.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
      13.1.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Country
      13.1.3. Asia Pacific Average Pricing Analysis
   13.2. Middle East & Africa Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Size and Volume Forecast by Country
      13.2.1. Saudi Arabia
      13.2.2. South Africa
      13.2.3. UAE
      13.2.4. Rest of Middle East & Africa (MEA)
   13.3. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
   13.4. Middle East & Africa Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Size and Volume Forecast by Application
      13.4.1. Food and Beverage
      13.4.2. Pharmaceutical and Healthcare
      13.4.3. Construction and Chemicals
      13.4.4. Electronics
      13.4.5. Others
   13.5. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Application
   13.6. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Application
   13.7. Middle East & Africa Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market Size and Volume Forecast by Type
      13.7.1. Inkjet Printers
      13.7.2. Laser Printers
      13.7.3. Thermal Transfer Overprinting Printers
      13.7.4. Others
   13.8. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Type
   13.9. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Type
   13.10. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis
      13.10.1. By Country
      13.10.2. By Product Type
      13.10.3. By Application
      13.10.4. By Sales Channel
   13.11. Middle East & Africa Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Demand Share, 2019-2026

14. Competition Landscape
   14.1. Global Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market: Market Share Analysis
   14.2. Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Distributors and Customers
   14.3. Coding and Marking Systems and Solutions Market: Competitive Dashboard
   14.4. Company Profiles (Details – Overview, Financials, Developments, Strategy) 
      14.4.1. Brother (Domino)
         14.4.1.1. Overview
         14.4.1.2. Financials
         14.4.1.3. Developments
         14.4.1.4. Strategic Outlook
      14.4.2. Danaher (Videojet)
         14.4.2.1. Overview
         14.4.2.2. Financials
         14.4.2.3. Developments
         14.4.2.4. Strategic Outlook
      14.4.3. Dover (Markem-Imaje)
         14.4.3.1. Overview
         14.4.3.2. Financials
         14.4.3.3. Developments
         14.4.3.4. Strategic Outlook
      14.4.4. Han's Laser
         14.4.4.1. Overview
         14.4.4.2. Financials
         14.4.4.3. Developments
         14.4.4.4. Strategic Outlook
      14.4.5. ITW (Diagraph)
         14.4.5.1. Overview
         14.4.5.2. Financials
         14.4.5.3. Developments
         14.4.5.4. Strategic Outlook
      14.4.6. Trumpf
         14.4.6.1. Overview
         14.4.6.2. Financials
         14.4.6.3. Developments
         14.4.6.4. Strategic Outlook
      14.4.7. Hitachi Industrial Equipment
         14.4.7.1. Overview
         14.4.7.2. Financials
         14.4.7.3. Developments
         14.4.7.4. Strategic Outlook
      14.4.8. ID Technology LLC
         14.4.8.1. Overview
         14.4.8.2. Financials
         14.4.8.3. Developments
         14.4.8.4. Strategic Outlook
      14.4.9. KGK
         14.4.9.1. Overview
         14.4.9.2. Financials
         14.4.9.3. Developments
         14.4.9.4. Strategic Outlook
      14.4.10. Matthews Marking Systems
         14.4.10.1. Overview
         14.4.10.2. Financials
         14.4.10.3. Developments
         14.4.10.4. Strategic Outlook
      14.4.11. KBA-Metronic
         14.4.11.1. Overview
         14.4.11.2. Financials
         14.4.11.3. Developments
         14.4.11.4. Strategic Outlook
      14.4.12. Macsa
         14.4.12.1. Overview
         14.4.12.2. Financials
         14.4.12.3. Developments
         14.4.12.4. Strategic Outlook
      14.4.13. Squid Ink
         14.4.13.1. Overview
         14.4.13.2. Financials
         14.4.13.3. Developments
         14.4.13.4. Strategic Outlook
      14.4.14. SATO
         14.4.14.1. Overview
         14.4.14.2. Financials
         14.4.14.3. Developments
         14.4.14.4. Strategic Outlook
      14.4.15. Paul Leibinger
         14.4.15.1. Overview
         14.4.15.2. Financials
         14.4.15.3. Developments
         14.4.15.4. Strategic Outlook
      14.4.16. REA JET
         14.4.16.1. Overview
         14.4.16.2. Financials
         14.4.16.3. Developments
         14.4.16.4. Strategic Outlook
      14.4.17. Control print
         14.4.17.1. Overview
         14.4.17.2. Financials
         14.4.17.3. Developments
         14.4.17.4. Strategic Outlook
      14.4.18. Kinglee
         14.4.18.1. Overview
         14.4.18.2. Financials
         14.4.18.3. Developments
         14.4.18.4. Strategic Outlook
      14.4.19. EC-JET
         14.4.19.1. Overview
         14.4.19.2. Financials
         14.4.19.3. Developments
         14.4.19.4. Strategic Outlook
      14.4.20. Beijing Zhihengda
         14.4.20.1. Overview
         14.4.20.2. Financials
      &nbs

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