Market Overview:
The global polyacrylic acid sodium (PAAS) market is expected to grow at a CAGR of XX% during the forecast period from 2018 to 2030. The growth in the PAAS market can be attributed to the increasing demand for acrylic acid from various applications such as papermaking, dyeing & painting, power plants, iron & steel factories, chemical fertilizer plants, refineries and others. In terms of volume, Asia Pacific is expected to lead the global PAAS market during the forecast period.
Product Definition:
Polyacrylic acid sodium (PAAS) is a type of acrylic acid that has been combined with sodium. It is used as a thickening agent and stabilizer in food and other products.
30% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium:
30% PAA is a water-soluble acrylic acid polymer with high molecular weight. It has applications in paints, coatings, and ink industries as thickening agent and stabilizer. 30% PAA is used to increase the viscosity of liquid PAAS without altering its other properties such as pH or conductivity. Increasing demand for waterborne products due to environmental concerns is expected to drive the market over the forecast period.
40% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium:
40% polyacrylic acid sodium is a water-soluble polymer with high molecular weight. It has applications in the food industry as an emulsifier and stabilizer. PAAS is used to increase the viscosity of liquid ingredients, such as oil and water, without altering their properties.
Application Insights:
Papermaking was the largest application segment in 2017 and is expected to continue its dominance over the forecast period. The product improves paper quality by increasing brightness, opacity, and strength. It also helps in reducing paper fluffing due to its high water-binding capacity. In addition, it helps reduce ink bleeding through absorption as well as increases print contrast ratio by 40%.
Dyeing & painting is another significant application of polyacrylic acid sodium (PAAS). It finds applications in both liquid and powder form for dyeing purposes owing to its excellent coloration properties. Powder dyes are used for solid or semi-solid coloring while liquid dyes are preferred for textile printing or coating operations where fastness against washing is required.
Regional Analysis:
Asia Pacific dominated the global market in 2017 and is expected to witness significant growth over the forecast period. The presence of a large number of manufacturers coupled with increasing demand from end-use industries such as iron & steel, chemical, and others is anticipated to drive the regional market. In addition, rising disposable income levels in emerging countries such as China and India are expected to boost product demand across several applications including textiles, papermaking, dyes & paints among others.
The growing manufacturing sector in Europe coupled with stringent environmental regulations by REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization) agencies regarding polymers used for packaging has resulted in high adoption of sodium poly acrylic acid for its production which will propel industry growth over the forecast period.
Growth Factors:
- Increasing demand from end-use industries such as paints and coatings, adhesives and sealants, textile printing, personal care products, and others
- Rising awareness about the benefits of PAAS among consumers
- Growing investments by manufacturers in research and development to develop new applications for PAAS
- Expansion of distribution networks by key players in the market
- Emergence of new players in the market
Scope Of The Report
Report Attributes
Report Details
Report Title
Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Research Report
By Type
30% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium, 40% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium, 45% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium, 50% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium, Others
By Application
Papermaking, Dyeing & Painting, Power Plants, Iron & Steel Factories, Chemical Fertilizer Plants, Refineries, Others
By Companies
Kelien Water Purification Technology, IRO Group, Shandong Taihe Water Treatment, Zaozhuang Kerui Chemicals, Hongye Holding Group, ShanDong XinTai Water Treatment, Shandong Dongtai Water Treatment, Weifang Senya Chemical, Jiangsu Oumao Chemical, Changzhou Yao's Tongde Chemical, Shandong ThFine Chemical, Zouping Boyi Chemical, Henan Xinxiang No.7 Chemical, Dongtao Chemical Co., Ltd.
Regions Covered
North America, Europe, APAC, Latin America, MEA
Base Year
2021
Historical Year
2019 to 2020 (Data from 2010 can be provided as per availability)
Forecast Year
2030
Number of Pages
236
Number of Tables & Figures
166
Customization Available
Yes, the report can be customized as per your need.
Global Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Report Segments:
The global Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) market is segmented on the basis of:
Types
30% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium, 40% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium, 45% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium, 50% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium, Others
The product segment provides information about the market share of each product and the respective CAGR during the forecast period. It lays out information about the product pricing parameters, trends, and profits that provides in-depth insights of the market. Furthermore, it discusses latest product developments & innovation in the market.
Applications
Papermaking, Dyeing & Painting, Power Plants, Iron & Steel Factories, Chemical Fertilizer Plants, Refineries, Others
The application segment fragments various applications of the product and provides information on the market share and growth rate of each application segment. It discusses the potential future applications of the products and driving and restraining factors of each application segment.
Some of the companies that are profiled in this report are:
- Kelien Water Purification Technology
- IRO Group
- Shandong Taihe Water Treatment
- Zaozhuang Kerui Chemicals
- Hongye Holding Group
- ShanDong XinTai Water Treatment
- Shandong Dongtai Water Treatment
- Weifang Senya Chemical
- Jiangsu Oumao Chemical
- Changzhou Yao's Tongde Chemical
- Shandong ThFine Chemical
- Zouping Boyi Chemical
- Henan Xinxiang No.7 Chemical
- Dongtao Chemical Co., Ltd.
Highlights of The Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Report:
- The market structure and projections for the coming years.
- Drivers, restraints, opportunities, and current trends of market.
- Historical data and forecast.
- Estimations for the forecast period 2030.
- Developments and trends in the market.
- By Type:
- 30% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium
- 40% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium
- 45% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium
- 50% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium
- Others
- By Application:
- Papermaking
- Dyeing & Painting
- Power Plants
- Iron & Steel Factories
- Chemical Fertilizer Plants
- Refineries
- Others
- Market scenario by region, sub-region, and country.
- Market share of the market players, company profiles, product specifications, SWOT analysis, and competitive landscape.
- Analysis regarding upstream raw materials, downstream demand, and current market dynamics.
- Government Policies, Macro & Micro economic factors are also included in the report.
We have studied the Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market in 360 degrees via. both primary & secondary research methodologies. This helped us in building an understanding of the current market dynamics, supply-demand gap, pricing trends, product preferences, consumer patterns & so on. The findings were further validated through primary research with industry experts & opinion leaders across countries. The data is further compiled & validated through various market estimation & data validation methodologies. Further, we also have our in-house data forecasting model to predict market growth up to 2030.
Regional Analysis
- North America
- Europe
- Asia Pacific
- Middle East & Africa
- Latin America
Note: A country of choice can be added in the report at no extra cost. If more than one country needs to be added, the research quote will vary accordingly.
The geographical analysis part of the report provides information about the product sales in terms of volume and revenue in regions. It lays out potential opportunities for the new entrants, emerging players, and major players in the region. The regional analysis is done after considering the socio-economic factors and government regulations of the countries in the regions.
How you may use our products:
- Correctly Positioning New Products
- Market Entry Strategies
- Business Expansion Strategies
- Consumer Insights
- Understanding Competition Scenario
- Product & Brand Management
- Channel & Customer Management
- Identifying Appropriate Advertising Appeals
8 Reasons to Buy This Report
- Includes a Chapter on the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic On the Market
- Report Prepared After Conducting Interviews with Industry Experts & Top Designates of the Companies in the Market
- Implemented Robust Methodology to Prepare the Report
- Includes Graphs, Statistics, Flowcharts, and Infographics to Save Time
- Industry Growth Insights Provides 24/5 Assistance Regarding the Doubts in the Report
- Provides Information About the Top-winning Strategies Implemented by Industry Players.
- In-depth Insights On the Market Drivers, Restraints, Opportunities, and Threats
- Customization of the Report Available
Frequently Asked Questions?
Polyacrylic acid sodium is a type of acrylic acid that is also known as sodium polyacrylate. It is a white to off-white powder that can be dissolved in water or other liquids. PAAS has many uses in the cosmetic and personal care industries, including as an emulsifier, thickener, and stabilizer.
Some of the major companies in the polyacrylic acid sodium (paas) market are Kelien Water Purification Technology, IRO Group, Shandong Taihe Water Treatment, Zaozhuang Kerui Chemicals, Hongye Holding Group, ShanDong XinTai Water Treatment, Shandong Dongtai Water Treatment, Weifang Senya Chemical, Jiangsu Oumao Chemical, Changzhou Yao's Tongde Chemical, Shandong ThFine Chemical, Zouping Boyi Chemical, Henan Xinxiang No.7 Chemical, Dongtao Chemical Co., Ltd..
1. Executive Summary
2. Assumptions and Acronyms Used
3. Research Methodology
4. Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Overview
4.1. Introduction
4.1.1. Market Taxonomy
4.1.2. Market Definition
4.2. Macro-Economic Factors
4.2.1. Industry Outlook
4.3. Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Dynamics
4.3.1. Market Drivers
4.3.2. Market Restraints
4.3.3. Opportunity
4.3.4. Market Trends
4.4. Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market - Supply Chain
4.5. Global Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Forecast
4.5.1. Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Size (US$ Mn) and Y-o-Y Growth
4.5.2. Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Size (000 Units) and Y-o-Y Growth
4.5.3. Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Absolute $ Opportunity
5. Global Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Analysis and Forecast by Type
5.1. Market Trends
5.2. Introduction
5.2.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Type
5.2.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Type
5.3. Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Size and Volume Forecast by Type
5.3.1. 30% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium
5.3.2. 40% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium
5.3.3. 45% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium
5.3.4. 50% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium
5.3.5. Others
5.4. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Type
5.5. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis by Type
6. Global Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Analysis and Forecast by Application
6.1. Market Trends
6.2. Introduction
6.2.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Application
6.2.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Application
6.3. Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Size and Volume Forecast by Application
6.3.1. Papermaking
6.3.2. Dyeing & Painting
6.3.3. Power Plants
6.3.4. Iron & Steel Factories
6.3.5. Chemical Fertilizer Plants
6.3.6. Refineries
6.3.7. Others
6.4. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Application
6.5. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis by Application
7. Global Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Analysis and Forecast by Sales Channel
7.1. Market Trends
7.2. Introduction
7.2.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Sales Channel
7.2.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Sales Channel
7.3. Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Size and Volume Forecast by Sales Channel
7.3.1. Manufacturer/Distributor/Service Provider
7.3.2. Aftermarket
7.4. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Sales Channel
7.5. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis by Sales Channel
8. Global Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Analysis and Forecast by Region
8.1. Market Trends
8.2. Introduction
8.2.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Region
8.2.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Region
8.3. Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Size and Volume Forecast by Region
8.3.1. North America
8.3.2. Latin America
8.3.3. Europe
8.3.4. Asia Pacific
8.3.5. Middle East and Africa (MEA)
8.4. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Region
8.5. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis by Region
8.6. Global Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Demand Share Forecast, 2019-2026
9. North America Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Analysis and Forecast
9.1. Introduction
9.1.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
9.1.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Country
9.2. North America Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Size and Volume Forecast by Country
9.2.1. U.S.
9.2.2. Canada
9.3. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
9.4. North America Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Size and Volume Forecast by Application
9.4.1. Papermaking
9.4.2. Dyeing & Painting
9.4.3. Power Plants
9.4.4. Iron & Steel Factories
9.4.5. Chemical Fertilizer Plants
9.4.6. Refineries
9.4.7. Others
9.5. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Application
9.6. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Application
9.7. North America Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Size and Volume Forecast by Type
9.7.1. 30% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium
9.7.2. 40% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium
9.7.3. 45% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium
9.7.4. 50% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium
9.7.5. Others
9.8. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Type
9.9. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Type
9.10. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis
9.10.1. By Country
9.10.2. By Product Type
9.10.3. By Application
9.10.4. By Sales Channel
9.11. North America Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Demand Share Forecast, 2019-2026
10. Latin America Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Analysis and Forecast
10.1. Introduction
10.1.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
10.1.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Country
10.1.3. Latin America Average Pricing Analysis
10.2. Latin America Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Size and Volume Forecast by Country
10.2.1. Brazil
10.2.2. Mexico
10.2.3. Rest of Latin America
10.3. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
10.4. Latin America Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Size and Volume Forecast by Application
10.4.1. Papermaking
10.4.2. Dyeing & Painting
10.4.3. Power Plants
10.4.4. Iron & Steel Factories
10.4.5. Chemical Fertilizer Plants
10.4.6. Refineries
10.4.7. Others
10.5. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Application
10.6. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Application
10.7. Latin America Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Size and Volume Forecast by Type
10.7.1. 30% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium
10.7.2. 40% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium
10.7.3. 45% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium
10.7.4. 50% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium
10.7.5. Others
10.8. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Type
10.9. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Type
10.10. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis
10.10.1. By Country
10.10.2. By Product Type
10.10.3. By Application
10.10.4. By Sales Channel
10.11. Latin America Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Demand Share Forecast, 2019-2026
11. Europe Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Analysis and Forecast
11.1. Introduction
11.1.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
11.1.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Country
11.1.3. Europe Average Pricing Analysis
11.2. Europe Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Size and Volume Forecast by Country
11.2.1. Germany
11.2.2. France
11.2.3. Italy
11.2.4. U.K.
11.2.5. Spain
11.2.6. Russia
11.2.7. Rest of Europe
11.3. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
11.4. Europe Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Size and Volume Forecast by Application
11.4.1. Papermaking
11.4.2. Dyeing & Painting
11.4.3. Power Plants
11.4.4. Iron & Steel Factories
11.4.5. Chemical Fertilizer Plants
11.4.6. Refineries
11.4.7. Others
11.5. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Application
11.6. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Application
11.7. Europe Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Size and Volume Forecast by Type
11.7.1. 30% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium
11.7.2. 4% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium
11.7.3. 45% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium
11.7.4. 50% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium
11.7.5. Others
11.8. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Type
11.9. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Type
11.10. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis
11.10.1. By Country
11.10.2. By Product Type
11.10.3. By Application
11.10.4. By Sales Channel
11.11. Europe Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Demand Share, 2019-2026
12. Asia Pacific Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Analysis and Forecast
12.1. Introduction
12.1.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
12.1.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Country
12.1.3. Asia Pacific Average Pricing Analysis
12.2. Asia Pacific Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Size and Volume Forecast by Country
12.2.1. China
12.2.2. Japan
12.2.3. South Korea
12.2.4. India
12.2.5. Australia
12.2.6. Rest of Asia Pacific (APAC)
12.3. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
12.4. Asia Pacific Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Size and Volume Forecast by Application
12.4.1. Papermaking
12.4.2. Dyeing & Painting
12.4.3. Power Plants
12.4.4. Iron & Steel Factories
12.4.5. Chemical Fertilizer Plants
12.4.6. Refineries
12.4.7. Others
12.5. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Application
12.6. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Application
12.7. Asia Pacific Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Size and Volume Forecast by Type
12.7.1. 30% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium
12.7.2. 40% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium
12.7.3. 45% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium
12.7.4. 50% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium
12.7.5. Others
12.8. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Type
12.9. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Type
12.10. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis
12.10.1. By Country
12.10.2. By Product Type
12.10.3. By Application
12.10.4. By Sales Channel
12.11. Asia Pacific Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Demand Share, 2019-2026
13. Middle East & Africa Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Analysis and Forecast
13.1. Introduction
13.1.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
13.1.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Country
13.1.3. Asia Pacific Average Pricing Analysis
13.2. Middle East & Africa Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Size and Volume Forecast by Country
13.2.1. Saudi Arabia
13.2.2. South Africa
13.2.3. UAE
13.2.4. Rest of Middle East & Africa (MEA)
13.3. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
13.4. Middle East & Africa Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Size and Volume Forecast by Application
13.4.1. Papermaking
13.4.2. Dyeing & Painting
13.4.3. Power Plants
13.4.4. Iron & Steel Factories
13.4.5. Chemical Fertilizer Plants
13.4.6. Refineries
13.4.7. Others
13.5. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Application
13.6. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Application
13.7. Middle East & Africa Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market Size and Volume Forecast by Type
13.7.1. 30% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium
13.7.2. 40% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium
13.7.3. 45% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium
13.7.4. 50% Polyacrylic Acid Sodium
13.7.5. Others
13.8. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Type
13.9. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Type
13.10. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis
13.10.1. By Country
13.10.2. By Product Type
13.10.3. By Application
13.10.4. By Sales Channel
13.11. Middle East & Africa Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Demand Share, 2019-2026
14. Competition Landscape
14.1. Global Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market: Market Share Analysis
14.2. Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Distributors and Customers
14.3. Polyacrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) Market: Competitive Dashboard
14.4. Company Profiles (Details Overview, Financials, Developments, Strategy)
14.4.1. Kelien Water Purification Technology
14.4.1.1. Overview
14.4.1.2. Financials
14.4.1.3. Developments
14.4.1.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.2. IRO Group
14.4.2.1. Overview
14.4.2.2. Financials
14.4.2.3. Developments
14.4.2.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.3. Shandong Taihe Water Treatment
14.4.3.1. Overview
14.4.3.2. Financials
14.4.3.3. Developments
14.4.3.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.4. Zaozhuang Kerui Chemicals
14.4.4.1. Overview
14.4.4.2. Financials
14.4.4.3. Developments
14.4.4.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.5. Hongye Holding Group
14.4.5.1. Overview
14.4.5.2. Financials
14.4.5.3. Developments
14.4.5.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.6. ShanDong XinTai Water Treatment
14.4.6.1. Overview
14.4.6.2. Financials
14.4.6.3. Developments
14.4.6.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.7. Shandong Dongtai Water Treatment
14.4.7.1. Overview
14.4.7.2. Financials
14.4.7.3. Developments
14.4.7.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.8. Weifang Senya Chemical
14.4.8.1. Overview
14.4.8.2. Financials
14.4.8.3. Developments
14.4.8.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.9. Jiangsu Oumao Chemical
14.4.9.1. Overview
14.4.9.2. Financials
14.4.9.3. Developments
14.4.9.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.10. Changzhou Yao's Tongde Chemical
14.4.10.1. Overview
14.4.10.2. Financials
14.4.10.3. Developments
14.4.10.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.11. Shandong ThFine Chemical
14.4.11.1. Overview
14.4.11.2. Financials
14.4.11.3. Developments
14.4.11.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.12. Zouping Boyi Chemical
14.4.12.1. Overview
14.4.12.2. Financials
14.4.12.3. Developments
14.4.12.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.13. Henan Xinxiang No.7 Chemical
14.4.13.1. Overview
14.4.13.2. Financials
14.4.13.3. Developments
14.4.13.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.14. Dongtao Chemical Co., Ltd.
14.4.14.1. Overview
14.4.14.2. Financials
14.4.14.3. Developments
14.4.14.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.15. COMPANY 15
14.4.15.1. Overview
14.4.15.2. Financials
14.4.15.3. Developments
14.4.15.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.16. COMPANY 16
14.4.16.1. Overview
14.4.16.2. Financials
14.4.16.3. Developments
14.4.16.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.17. COMPANY 17
14.4.17.1. Overview
14.4.17.2. Financials
14.4.17.3. Developments
14.4.17.4. Strategic Outlook
14.4.18. COMPANY 18
14